ms symptoms checklist versus fibromyalgia

Results from a systematic review by Alonso and Hernán showed that the female-to-male ratio in MS incidence has increased with time, from an estimated 1.4 in 1955 to 2.3 in 2000. 1 The disease is predominant in women, being more than 3 times more likely in women than men. In the United States, multiple sclerosis (MS) affects approximately 400,000 individuals worldwide, the disease affects 2.5 million individuals, and varies greatly by geographic region. As a consequence, the disease places a substantial burden on patients and their caregivers/families, as well as employers, the healthcare system, and society. Typically, patients with MS have a long life span, although healthcare utilization increases over time. In young and middle-aged adults, MS is one of the most common contributors to neurologic disability, and it exerts detrimental effects on a patient’s productivity and health-related quality of life. Relatively recently, the historical 4 core clinical categories of MS were revised in an effort to improve characterization of the clinical course, better identify where a given patient is positioned in the disease spectrum, and to guide clinical studies. MS pathogenesis is complex, as it involves both T- and B-cell mechanisms and is heterogeneous in presentation. The disease pathology is characterized by multifocal lesions within the CNS, in both the white matter and gray matter, with perivenular inflammatory cell infiltrates, demyelination, axonal transection, neuronal degeneration, and gliosis. Neuronal damage, resulting in characteristic multifocal lesions apparent on magnetic resonance imaging and a variety of neurologic manifestations. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, involves an immunemediated attack of the central nervous system (CNS) that produces demyelination and axonal/

Ms symptoms checklist versus fibromyalgia